This module introduces third-year Biochemistry students to the molecular mechanisms that govern gene expression and the replication of genetic material in living systems. It examines the structure and function of DNA and RNA, the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation, and the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The module further explores DNA repair systems and the role of epigenetic mechanisms in maintaining genomic stability and controlling cellular function. Through a combination of theoretical instruction and practical laboratory activities, students develop the ability to interpret experimental data, apply molecular biology techniques, and critically analyse biological processes central to modern biochemistry and molecular biology.